노원영어○ 방문과외로 내신관리 철저 흐름을 이해하며 공부합니다. 미리 집에서 그날 공부할 부분에 해당하는 교과서 부분을 읽어두고 수업을 들으면 상당히 도움이 됩니다. 교과서를 읽으면서 대충, 아, 이러이러해서 이런 사건들이 일어난거구나, 순서가 이렇게 되는구나,를 가볍게 짚고 넘어가면 됩니다. 어, 왜 이런거지? 라는 의문이 떠오르는 곳은 표시를 해두고, 수업시간에 그 부분에 집중해서 듣습니다. 수업 시간에 설명을 안 해주신다면, 노원영어과외조용히 손을 들고 질문합니다. 노원영어과외 stepped aside over Johnson's objection, ○causing a complete break between them. Johnson then dismissed Stanton and appointed Lorenzo Thomas to replace him. Stanton refused to leave his office, and on February 24, 1868, the House impeached the President for intentionally violating the Tenure of Office Act, by a vote of 128 to 47. The House subsequently adopted eleven articles of impeachment, for the most part alleging that he had violated the Tenure of Office Act, and had questioned the legitimacy of Congress.[161] Illustration of Johnson's ○impeachment trial in the United States Senate, by Theodore R. Davis, published in Harper's Weekly On March 5, 1868, the impeachment trial began in the Senate and lasted almost three months; Congressmen George S. Boutwell, Benjamin Butler and Thaddeus Stevens acted as managers for the House, or prosecutors, and William M. Evarts, Benjamin R. Curtis and former ○ Attorney General Stanbery were Johnson's counsel; Chief Justice Chase served as presiding judge.[162] The defense relied on the provision of the Tenure of ○Office Act that made it applicable only to appointees of the current administration. Since Lincoln had appointed Stanton, the defense maintained Johnson had not violated the act, and also argued that the President had the right to test the constitutionality of an act of Congress.[163] Johnson's counsel insisted that he make no appearance at the trial, nor publicly comment about the proceedings, and except for a pair of interviews in April, he complied.[164] Johnson maneuvered to gain an acquittal; for example, he pledged to ○Iowa Senator James W. Grimes that he would not interfere with Congress's Reconstruction efforts. Grimes reported to a group of Moderates, many of whom voted for acquittal, that he believed the President would keep his word. Johnson also promised to install the respected John Schofield as War Secretary. [165] Kansas Senator Edmund G. Ross r○eceived assurances that the new, Radical-influenced constitutions ratified in South Carolina and Arkansas would be transmitted to the Congress without ○delay, an action which would give him and other senators political cover to vote for acquittal.[166] One reason senators were reluctant to remove the President was that his successor would have been Ohio Senator Wade, the president pro tempore of the Senate. Wade, a lame duck who left office in early 1869, was a Radical who supported such measures as women's suffrage, placing him beyond the pale politically in much of the nation.[167][168] Additionally, a President Wade was seen as an obstacle to Grant's ○ambitions.[169] With the dealmaking, Johnson was confident of the result in advance of the verdict, and in the days leading up to the ballot, newspapers reported that Stevens and his Radicals had given up. On May 16, the Senate voted on the 11th article of impeachment, accusing Johnson of firing Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office of Act once the ○ Senate had overturned his suspension. Thirty-five senators voted "guilty" and 19 "not guilty", thus falling short by a single
